Launch
Date |
Name |
Country |
Result |
1960 |
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| Oct. 10, 1960 | Korabl 4 | USSR | Failed in Earth orbit |
| Oct. 14, 1960 | Korabl 5 | USSR | Failed in Earth orbit |
1962 |
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| Oct. 24, 1962 | Korabl 11 | USSR | Failed to leave Earth orbit |
| Nov. 1, 1962 | Mars 1 | USSR | Lost communications Mar. 21, 1963 |
| Nov. 4, 1962 | Korabl 13 | USSR | Failed in Earth orbit, reentered Nov. 5 |
1964 |
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| Nov. 5, 1964 | Mariner 3 | USA | Launch failure, entered solar orbit |
| Nov. 28, 1964 | Mariner 4 | USA | Reached Mars July 15, photographs and atmospheric measurements |
| Nov. 30, 1964 | Zond 2 | USSR | Lost communications May 1965 |
1965 |
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| July 18, 1965 | Zond 3 | USSR | Photographed Moon, reached Mars orbit |
1969 |
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| Feb. 24, 1969 | Mariner 6 | USA | Flyby July 31; successful mission |
| Mar. 27, 1969 | Mariner 7 | USA | Flyby Aug. 5; successful mission |
| Mar. 27, 1969 | none | USSR | Failed; believed launch failure |
| Apr. 14, 1969 | none | USA | Failed |
1971 |
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| May 8, 1971 | Mariner 8 | USA | Failed to reach orbit |
| May 10, 1971 | Kosmos 419 | USSR | Failed to leave Earth orbit; reentered May 10 |
| May 19, 1971 | Mars 2 | USSR | Orbited Mars; descent module crashed Nov. 27 |
| May 28, 1971 | Mars 3 | USSR | Orbited Mars; descent module failed upon landing Dec. 2 |
| May 30, 1971 | Mariner 9 | USA | Orbited Mars Nov. 13; successful mission |
1973 |
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| July 21, 1973 | Mars 4 | USSR | Failed to orbit, flew by Feb. 10 |
| July 25, 1973 | Mars 5 | USSR | Entered orbit of Mars Feb. 12; partially successful mission |
| Aug. 5, 1973 | Mars 6 | USSR | Flyby; descent module communications failure just before landing Mar. 12 |
| Aug. 9, 1973 | Mars 7 | USSR | Failed, flew by Mar. 9 |
| 1975 |
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| Aug. 20, 1975 | Viking 1 | USA | Orbited 1976 June 19; landed July 20 |
| Sept. 5, 1975 | Viking 2 | USA | Orbited 1976 Aug. 7; landed Sept. 3 |
| 1988 |
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| Aug. 5, 1988 | Phobos 1 | USSR | Lost contact Aug. 31 |
| Aug. 9, 1988 | Phobos 2 | USSR | Orbited Mars 1989 Jan. 29; lost contact Mar. 27 |
| 1992 |
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| Sept. 25, 1992 | Mars Observer | USA | Lost contact Aug. 21, 1993 |
| 1996 |
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| Nov. 7, 1996 | Mars Global Surveyor | USA | |
| Nov. 16, 1996 | Mars 96 | Russia | Failed orbit insertion, fell to Earth Nov. 18. |
| Dec. 4, 1996 | Mars Pathfinder | USA | Landed July 4, 1997, one year mission exceeded goals. |
| 1998 |
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| July 3, 1998 | Nozomi | USA | Failed to achieve trajectory to reach Mars orbit and ran out of fuel. |
| Dec. 11, 1998 | Mars
Surveyor 98 Mars Climate Orbiter |
USA | Lost contact September, 1999. |
| 1999 |
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| Jan. 3, 1999 | Mars
Surveyor 98 Mars Polar Lander |
USA | Lost contact December 3, 1999. |
|
2001 |
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| April 7, 2001 | USA | Entered Mars orbit October 24, 2001. Still in operation | |
2003 |
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| June 2, 2003 | Mars Express | ESA | Orbiter imaging Mars. Communication lost with Beagle lander. |
| June 10,
2003 |
Mars Exploration Rover-A "Spirit" | USA | Rover Spirit
exploring Gusev Crater. |
| July 7, 2003 | Mars Exploration Rover-B "Opportunity" | USA | Rover Opportunity exploring Meridiani Planum. |
| 2005 | |||
| August 12, 2005 | Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter | USA | Mission to study the history of water on Mars. Returned more data than all previous Mars missions combined. |
| 2007 | |||
| August 4, 2007 | Phoenix Mars Lander | USA | Lander with scientific instruments & sampler to study history of water on Mars and biological potential of Martian soil. Operated successfully on Martian surface from May - November, 2008. |