This is the television camera from a flight simulator system used in the 1970s and 1980s by the U.S. Air Force. Pilots trained for missions by using "terrain boards": scale models of terrain, over which was moved a camera connected to controls in a flight simulator. The traineee saw an image on the simulator windows that corresponded to what he or she would see if flying a real airplne over that terrain.
Beginning in the late-1980s, computer graphics replaced these mechanical systems for training.
This object is not on display at the National Air and Space Museum. It is either on loan or in storage.