This is a package of candied fruit that has been packaged for spacflight on board a Soviet spacecraft. The fruit is divided into small, bite-sized pieces and contained in a plastic envelope. A cosmonaut would be able to break off small bits without shedding crumbs into the spacecraft.
As is true for all food manufactured for spaceflight, spacefood must be nutritious, lightweight, and easily stored. As astronauts and cosmonauts spend increasing amounts of time in space, the food must also be appealing.
This particular piece of space food was never flown in space and was donated to the museum by an American who obtained the food while on a visit to the USSR.
This object is not on display at the National Air and Space Museum. It is either on loan or in storage.