This is an IBM AP-101 computer, which was used in Spacelab to operate the laboratory's subsystems (power, thermal, etc.) as well as to monitor and control experiment operations through a data display system with keyboard and screen.
NASA reported this computer as flown on Space Shuttle missions STS-50 (U.S. Microgravity Laboratory 1, 1992) and STS-73 (U.S. Microgravity Laboratory 2, 1995) before transferring it to the Museum.
This object is on display in Human Spaceflight at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, VA.