This is an unflown example of a control unit that was installed in the cockpit of a commercial aircraft, by which the crew activated the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR). The operation of the CVR was out of the crew's control, but at the conclusion of a flight, they had the option of erasing whatever sounds had just been recorded. If they did not, the sounds would be overridden on the next flight anyway.
This object is not on display at the National Air and Space Museum. It is either on loan or in storage.