L. Dutheil and R. Chalmers and Company was an early French designer of aircraft engines in which the cylinders were all arranged horizontally. Two, three, four and six cylinder models were built. All were water cooled with the exception of the model represented by this artifact. This air-cooled engine was built by about 1910.
An engine similar to this type powered Santos-Dumont's Demoiselle aircraft.
Matthew B. Sellers, builder of the first Kentucky-manufactured aircraft, flew his first quadraplane from 1908 to 1913 powered by various 2-cylinder, horizontally-opposed engines. This Dutheil-Chalmers was one of these engines.
This object is on display in Boeing Aviation Hangar at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, VA.