This is the Attitude Control and Ullage System module for the Titan III-E transtage. The Titan III-E was a modified Titan missile used to launch deep space probes and satellites into geosynchronous orbits. The Control and Ullage System provided roll and yaw control for the vehicle.
The Titan III-E made its first successful launch in 1974. Among the vehicle's most significant missions occurred in August and September 1975 when it launched the Viking 1 and 2 spacecraft to Mars, respectively.
This Attitude Control System was transferred from the U.S. Air Force to the Smithsonian Institution in 1970.
This object is not on display at the National Air and Space Museum. It is either on loan or in storage.