This is a stand for a 1:48 Scale model of the the Saturn 1, the first of the three Saturn launch vehicles built for the Apollo program. A two-stage liquid-fuel rocket, it was originally called the Saturn C-1 and then renamed Saturn 1 in 1963. Although the National Aeronautics and Space Administration had plans at that time to use the rocket for manned Apollo orbital missions, these were subsequently dropped. Instead, the Saturn 1 launched five Apollo boilerplate command and service modules during 1964-1965 to help qualify the spacecraft for manned flight. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center made the model and stand and transferred them to NASM in 1972.
This object is not on display at the National Air and Space Museum. It is either on loan or in storage.