This is a model of unknown scale of the Soviet Vostok launch vehicle. Derived from the R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile, Vostoks launched Sputnik (the first satellite in space) in 1957, Yuri Gagarin (the first human in space) in 1961, and a wide range of other robotic and manned payloads over several decades.
Model Products Corporation made the model and G. Harry Stine donated it to the Museum in 1973.
This object is not on display at the National Air and Space Museum. It is either on loan or in storage.