This is a mockup of a grazing incidence X-ray spectrometer typical of those flown by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) on Aerobee sounding rockets in the 1950s. This so-called "breadboard model" was built at NRL from discarded Aerobee Model IV era parts by DeWitt Purcell. He also incorporated several pieces from an original flight instrument. It has a shiny metal cover, which is removed for display. It was transferred to NASM in 1993.
This object is on display in Boeing Aviation Hangar at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, VA.