• A graphic of a satellite with 5 different spots pointed out. The first is the satellite's solar cells which are located at the top of the object. Them the transponder, located near the base of the object. The batteries are pointed out just above the transponder. At the top of the cube shaped base are the orientation and propulsion systems. Just below the solar cells is the antenna, which is shaped like an umbrella.
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    Most communications satellites have the same basic components, pointed out in this diagram:

    • Solar cells and batteries to power the satellite systems
    • Antennas to receive and transmit signals
    • Transponder to alter the frequency of incoming signals (avoiding interference with outgoing signals) and to amplify signals before transmitting them back to Earth
    • Orientation and propulsion systems to keep the antennas pointed at Earth, and the satellite in the right orbit. 
  • A graphic of a satellite with 5 different spots pointed out. The first is the satellite's solar cells which are located at the top of the object. Them the transponder, located near the base of the object. The batteries are pointed out just above the transponder. At the top of the cube shaped base are the orientation and propulsion systems. Just below the solar cells is the antenna, which is shaped like an umbrella.

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Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum

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Smithsonian Institution

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